Smart Building Physical and Operational and Distributed IoT Architectures: Recent Advances and Open Issues

Abstract

This paper is an exploration of some of the current approaches to building automation, which involve the broad variety of control and monitoring features that can be utilized to determine various factors, such as occupant behavior, lighting conditions, and temperature changes. At the same time, it touches upon some other innovative IoT- and cloud-oriented technologies designed for smart buildings in order to improve the comfort level, security level, energy savings and compatibility with smart grids and smart cities. Taking into consideration the broad range of technologies and their functionalities, it becomes evident that the design concept should be introduced to ensure successful implementation and adaptability. Furthermore, at the same time, new tools that are based on the building information modeling and digital twin approaches are being developed in the building design and operation area. This paper explores the approaches to designing new solutions and their application areas, highlighting some recent trends and application examples related to the usage of smart homes and buildings. In addition to that, special attention is paid to the process of choosing automation features, making it possible to integrate them successfully and providing interoperability between BMS and the Internet of Things in terms of predicting and changing their functionalities.